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Pair production threshold

E_k = 4.978 MeV

Ek,tot=hν2mec2,2mec2=1.022MeVE_{k,\mathrm{tot}} = h\nu - 2m_ec^2,\quad 2m_ec^2 = 1.022\,\mathrm{MeV}

Kinetic energy shared by e⁻ e⁺ after the 1.022 MeV rest-mass cost.

Laser